Аннотация: Обучение нейросетей широко используется в различных образовательных сферах: обучение персонала, освоение учебной программы в школе и в ВУЗе, формирование рекомендаций для частного использования респондентами, для обучения пенсионеров здоровьесберегающим техникам. Актуальным является анализ процесса обучения нейросетей и оценка их эффективности на различных моделях. Для исследования была выбрана модель прогнозирования индекса биологического старения человека по характеристикам его индивидуальности. Для обучения нейросетей была составлена матрица данных 1632 человек в возрасте от 35 до 70 лет. Выходная переменная: индекс биологического старения; входные переменные: пол, возраст, семейный и профессиональный статус, место жительства, тип телосложения, тип функциональной асимметрии, стиль взаимоотношений с людьми, а также личностные ресурсы. Было обучено четыре нейросети: для мужчин и женщин, для работающих профессионалов и для пенсионеров. Результаты: 1) обученные нейросети дают разные рекомендации для мужчин и женщин допенсионного и постпенсионного возраста. 2) Эффективность прогнозирования индекса биологического старения с помощью нейросетей оказалась достоверно высокой для всех обученных программ. 3) Нейросети можно применять для моделирования различных социальных ситуаций и выявлять, к каким изменениям для выходных переменных это приведет. Были смоделированы ситуации: а) если все одинокие взрослые люди вступят в брак, б) если все семейные взрослые люди расстанутся, в) если все получат рекомендации психологов по подбору личностных ресурсов и станут ими пользоваться. Нейросеть выдала прогноз: взрослым женщинам лучше не менять свой семейный статус. Взрослым мужчинам лучше свой статус изменить. Использование личностных ресурсов, подобранных психологами, эффективно для всех.

Ключевые слова: обучение, автоматические нейронные сети, обучение нейросетей, прогнозирование, личностные ресурсы, диагностика, моделирование, социальные ситуации, обучение взрослых людей, антистарение

Abstract: Neural network training is widely used in various educational fields: staff training, mastering the curriculum at school and university, forming recommendations for private use by respondents, for teaching pensioners health-saving techniques. It is relevant to analyze the learning process of neural networks and evaluate their effectiveness on various models. For the study, a model was chosen for predicting the index of biological aging of a person based on the characteristics of his personality. To train neural networks, a data matrix of 1,632 people aged 35 to 70 years was compiled. Output variable: biological aging index; input variables: gender, age, family and professional status, place of residence, body type, type of functional asymmetry, style of relationships with people, as well as personal resources. Four neural networks were trained: for men and women, for working professionals and for pensioners. Results: 1) trained neural networks give different recommendations for men and women of pre-retirement and post-retirement age. 2) The effectiveness of predicting the biological aging index using neural networks turned out to be significantly high for all trained programs. 3) Neural networks can be used to model various social situations and identify what changes this will lead to for output variables. Situations were modeled: a) if all single adults get married, b) if all family adults break up, c) if everyone receives the recommendations of psychologists on the selection of personal resources and will use them. The neural network has issued a forecast: it is better for adult women not to change their family status/it is better for adult men to change their status. The use of personal resources selected by psychologists is effective for everyone.

Keywords: adult education, social situations, modeling, diagnostics, forecasting, personal resources, neural network training, anti-aging, automatic neural networks, training

Аннотация: В настоящей работе рассматривается подход к эмоциональной культуре как компоненту профессиональной культуры специалиста. Отмечается, что в последнее время возрастает значение эмоциональной культуры в профессиональной деятельности. Однако, современная система образования не предусматривает целенаправленного формирования у обучаемых эмоциональной культуры как важной составляющей подготовки выпускника. Поэтому поиск эффективных путей формирования эмоциональной культуры студентов является актуальной задачей профессиональной подготовки. Методической основой исследования являлись анализ научных публикаций и обобщенный практический опыт при выявлении основных тенденций и проблем при формировании профессиональной эмоциональной культуры в процессе обучения. В статье исследованы особенности диагностики уровня эмоциональной культуры человека, ее роль в профессиональной деятельности и возможные способы формирования эмоциональной культуры при групповом и индивидуальном общении со студентами. При этом индивидуальный подход предлагается проводить с учетом оценки исходного уровня эмоциональной культуры студентов. В качестве основных педагогических средств рассматриваются эмоциональное стимулирование, побуждение студентов к концентрации внимания на эмоциональных проявлениях и привлечение их внимания к случаям правильного и неправильного эмоционального поведения. Предлагаемые подходы позволят достичь формирования профессионально ценного и личностно значимого набора правил эмоционального поведения.

Ключевые слова: эмоциональная культура, формирование, чувства, эмоции, восприятие, эмоциональный интеллект, понимание эмоций, управление эмоциями, студенты, вуз

Abstract: This paper considers an approach to emotional culture as a component of a specialist's professional culture. It is noted that recently the importance of emotional culture in professional activity has been increasing. However, the modern education system does not provide for the purposeful formation of an emotional culture among students as an important component of graduate training. Therefore, the search for effective ways of forming the emotional culture of students is an urgent task of professional training. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific publications and generalized practical experience in identifying the main trends and problems in the formation of professional emotional culture in the learning process. The article explores the features of diagnosing the level of human emotional culture, its role in professional activities and possible ways of forming emotional culture in group and individual communication with students. At the same time, an individual approach is proposed to be carried out taking into account the assessment of the initial level of students' emotional culture. Emotional stimulation, encouraging students to focus on emotional manifestations and drawing their attention to cases of correct and incorrect emotional behavior are considered as the main pedagogical means. The proposed approaches will make it possible to achieve the formation of a professionally valuable and personally significant set of rules for emotional behavior.

Keywords: understanding emotions, emotional intellect, perception, emotions, feelings, formation, emotional culture, emotion management, students, university

Аннотация: This article analyzes the research on European youth policy. The subject of the study is the main trends, typology, and principles of functioning of youth "transitions" in European countries. The need to study the phenomenon of youth "transitions" is relevant and timely as today, there is no generally accepted view on the ways to study these processes. The methodological basis of the study was analysis and synthesis, as well as institutional, systemic, and comparative approaches. Based on the studied material, the authors conclude that when considering strategies for youth "transitions," it is necessary to consider several institutional areas, such as the type of socially-oriented state and the specifics of the transition from study to work. The interaction of these strategies provides different models of youth transitions. These studies highlight important interethnic differences depending on the modes of distribution of social assistance, types of capitalism, as well as growth strategies. Thus, we have considered various strategies for structuring the transition to adulthood: to explain the different models of youth "transitions," it is necessary to consider several institutional areas, such as the type of socially oriented state and the specifics of the transition from study to work. The interaction of these strategies gives different models of youth transitions. Although many European researchers argue that age policy is important in this regard due to the aging of society and the growth of "gray power," most of the works devoted to this issue actually refute the hypothesis of bias in favor of the elderly: these studies emphasize important interethnic differences depending on the modes of distribution of social assistance, types of capitalism, as well as growth strategies. As a result, we conclude that young people should be considered part of society as a whole, and, therefore, to understand how they move into adulthood, it is necessary to see the full institutional, political, and economic picture.

Ключевые слова: young people, social security, youth policy, youth transitions, European states, welfare state, typology of youth transitions, youth transition patterns, social citizenship, education system

Аннотация: The subject of this study is the linguodidactic and linguometodic potential of an interactive simulator as a means of electronic linguodidactics in teaching Russian as a foreign language. During the research, a set of methods is used: methodological modeling, questionnaires, expert evaluation, etc. The primary method of research is a pedagogical experiment. During the experiment, a model of the educational process was built using a language trainer as a means of electronic linguodidactics. The pedagogical experiment was conducted in three stages and was aimed at studying the features of the educational process when teaching Russian as a foreign language using electronic linguodidactics. The data for the analysis were collected by questioning the students who participated in the experiment. The relevance of the study of electronic linguodidactics in teaching RCT lies in the fact that during the pandemic and with a mass transition to distance learning, the needs of students in intensive foreign language acquisition courses continue to grow. RCT teachers must create and use electronic educational resources in language teaching and their multidisciplinary development. In addition, the idea of syncretism in educational technologies seems relevant. The study made it possible to formulate the theoretical foundations of the linguometodic simulator and to confirm its practical significance in teaching RCT. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in deepening and expanding scientific and methodological ideas about the place and role of an interactive language trainer in the environment of electronic means of teaching RCT, as well as in presenting opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the formation of language skills and speech skills in teaching RCT. The main conclusion of this study is the position on the relevance of the use of electronic linguodidactics in the teaching of RCT, in particular, an interactive language trainer.

Ключевые слова: Russian language, methods of teaching, language trainer, interactive teaching, language teaching, multimedia, linguodidactics, e-learning, electronic resources, modern technologies

Аннотация: The research subject is the methods of building the user interface of university websites based on the intended purpose, the needs of the audience, and user limitations, including sensory-motor and cognitive-psychological limitations. As a starting point for studying the target audience and compliance with accessibility standards, eight university websites are analyzed based on open-source data. The main violations that prevent users from using a university's website to varying degrees are considered, as well as the most well-known and often-used approaches to interface design and design that make interfaces more convenient without overloading the user's short-term memory and causing premature fatigue. As a result of the research, the basic requirements for designing the interface of the university's website are formed. According to the main conclusion of this study, to adapt the University's website to the limitations of users' capabilities, it is necessary to follow the main standards of usability and accessibility considered, such as GOST R 52872-2019, WCAG 2.1 and GOST R ISO 9241-20-2014, and also take into account the peculiarities of legislation that affect the formation of sections of the site and its accessibility for people with disabilities. It is necessary to adhere to such principles of interface organization and information presentation as Hick's Law, Gestalt Principles, Miller's Law, Jacob's Law, and Heuristics. The author's special contribution to the topic is the analysis of the verification of eight sites of Russian universities for compliance with accessibility standards. This analysis showed that even the visually impaired versions of the sites reviewed do not meet accessibility standards, which makes it difficult for people with disabilities to access information and emphasizes the importance of the study. The novelty of the research lies in the formation of the basic requirements for the user interface of university websites. The study's results can be further used in constructing such information systems.

Ключевые слова: cognitive impairment, motor disorders, Hick's law, short-term memory, Jakob's law, accessibility, usability, interface design, WCAG, usability heuristics