Аннотация: The research subject is the methods of building the user interface of university websites based on the intended purpose, the needs of the audience, and user limitations, including sensory-motor and cognitive-psychological limitations.
As a starting point for studying the target audience and compliance with accessibility standards, eight university websites are analyzed based on open-source data.
The main violations that prevent users from using a university's website to varying degrees are considered, as well as the most well-known and often-used approaches to interface design and design that make interfaces more convenient without overloading the user's short-term memory and causing premature fatigue.
As a result of the research, the basic requirements for designing the interface of the university's website are formed. According to the main conclusion of this study, to adapt the University's website to the limitations of users' capabilities, it is necessary to follow the main standards of usability and accessibility considered, such as GOST R 52872-2019, WCAG 2.1 and GOST R ISO 9241-20-2014, and also take into account the peculiarities of legislation that affect the formation of sections of the site and its accessibility for people with disabilities. It is necessary to adhere to such principles of interface organization and information presentation as Hick's Law, Gestalt Principles, Miller's Law, Jacob's Law, and Heuristics.
The author's special contribution to the topic is the analysis of the verification of eight sites of Russian universities for compliance with accessibility standards. This analysis showed that even the visually impaired versions of the sites reviewed do not meet accessibility standards, which makes it difficult for people with disabilities to access information and emphasizes the importance of the study.
The novelty of the research lies in the formation of the basic requirements for the user interface of university websites. The study's results can be further used in constructing such information systems.

Аннотация: Предметом исследования являются методы построения пользовательского интерфейса сайтов ВУЗов, исходя из целевого назначения, потребностей пользовательской аудитории и ограничений пользователей, включая сенсорно-моторные и когнитивно-психологические ограничения.

В качестве отправной точки для исследования целевой аудитории и следования стандартам доступности проводится анализ восьми сайтов университетов, на основе данных из открытых источников.

Рассматриваются основные нарушения, которые препятствуют в различной степени пользоваться сайтом ВУЗа, а также наиболее известные и часто применяемые в дизайне и проектировании интерфейсов подходы, которые позволяют делать интерфейсы более удобными, не перегружая кратковременную память пользователя и не вызывая преждевременного утомления.

В результате исследования формируются основные требования к дизайну интерфейса сайта ВУЗа. Согласно основному выводу данного исследования, для адаптации сайта ВУЗа к ограничениям возможностей пользователей необходимо следовать основным рассмотренным стандартам юзабилити и доступности, таким как ГОСТ Р 52872–2019, WCAG 2.1 и ГОСТ Р ИСО 9241-20-2014, а также учитывать особенности законодательства, которые накладывают свое влияние на формирование разделов сайта и его доступности для людей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Следует придерживаться таких принципов организации интерфейсов и подачи информации, как: Закон Хика, Гештальт-принципы, Закон Миллера, Закон и эвристики Джейкоба.

Особым вкладом автора в исследование темы является анализ проверки восьми сайтов университетов России на соответствие стандартам доступности. Данный анализ показал, что даже версии для слабовидящих рассмотренных сайтов не удовлетворяют стандартам доступности, что затрудняет доступ к информации лицам с ограничениями здоровья и подчеркивает важность исследования.

Новизна исследования заключается в формировании основных требований к пользовательскому интерфейсу сайтов ВУЗов. Результаты исследования могут быть в дальнейшем использованы при построении подобных информационных систем.

Abstract: The research subject is the methods of building the user interface of university websites based on the intended purpose, the needs of the audience, and user limitations, including sensory-motor and cognitive-psychological limitations.

As a starting point for studying the target audience and compliance with accessibility standards, eight university websites are analyzed based on open-source data.

The main violations that prevent users from using a university's website to varying degrees are considered, as well as the most well-known and often-used approaches to interface design and design that make interfaces more convenient without overloading the user's short-term memory and causing premature fatigue.

As a result of the research, the basic requirements for designing the interface of the university's website are formed. According to the main conclusion of this study, to adapt the University's website to the limitations of users' capabilities, it is necessary to follow the main standards of usability and accessibility considered, such as GOST R 52872-2019, WCAG 2.1 and GOST R ISO 9241-20-2014, and also take into account the peculiarities of legislation that affect the formation of sections of the site and its accessibility for people with disabilities. It is necessary to adhere to such principles of interface organization and information presentation as Hick's Law, Gestalt Principles, Miller's Law, Jacob's Law, and Heuristics.

The author's special contribution to the topic is the analysis of the verification of eight sites of Russian universities for compliance with accessibility standards. This analysis showed that even the visually impaired versions of the sites reviewed do not meet accessibility standards, which makes it difficult for people with disabilities to access information and emphasizes the importance of the study.

The novelty of the research lies in the formation of the basic requirements for the user interface of university websites. The study's results can be further used in constructing such information systems.

Аннотация: The subject of the study is the architecture of the RSS feed aggregation system. The author considers in detail such aspects of the topic as choosing the right data aggregation strategy, an approach to scaling a distributed system, designing and implementing the main modules of the system, such as an aggregation strategy definition module, a content aggregation module, a data processing module, a search module. Particular attention in this study is given to a detailed description of the libraries and frameworks chosen for the implementation of the system under consideration, as well as databases. The main part of the system under consideration is implemented in the C# programming language (.Net Core) and is cross-platform. The study describes the interaction with the main data stores used in the development of the aggregation system, which are PostgreSQL and Elasticsearch. The main conclusion of the study is that before developing an aggregation system, it is necessary to analyze the publication activity of data sources, on the basis of which it is possible to form an acceptable strategy for updating the search index, saving a significant amount of resources. computing power. Content aggregation systems, such as the one considered in this study, should be distributed, built on the basis of event-driven and microservice architectures. This approach will make the system resistant to high loads and failures, as well as easily expandable. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is a detailed description of the high-level architecture of the RSS aggregator, designed to process 50,000 channels.

Аннотация: The subject of this research is the key methods for creating the architecture of information aggregators, methods for increasing scalability and effectiveness of such systems, methods for reducing the delay between the publication of new content by the source and emergence of its copy in the information aggregator. In this research, the content aggregator implies the distributed high-load information system that automatically collects information from various sources, process and displays it on a special website or mobile application. Particular attention is given to the basic principles of content aggregation: key stages of aggregation and criteria for data sampling, automation of aggregation processes, content copy strategies, and content aggregation approaches. The author's contribution consists in providing detailed description of web crawling and fuzzy duplicate detection systems. The main research result lies in the development of high-level architecture of the content aggregation system. Recommendations are given on the selection of the architecture of styles and special software regime that allows creating the systems for managing distributed databases and message brokers. The presented architecture aims to provide high availability, scalability for high query volumes, and big data performance. To increase the performance of the proposed system, various caching methods, load balancers, and message queues should be actively used. For storage of the content aggregation system, replication and partitioning must be used to improve availability, latency, and scalability. In terms of architectural styles, microservice architecture, event-driven architecture, and service-based architecture are the most preferred architectural approaches for such system.

Аннотация: Предметом исследования является проблема несоизмеримости и кризис оснований древнегреческой математики.

В статье описывается, что исследуемый кризис оснований был вызван открытием пифагорейцем Гиппасом из Метапонта иррациональности, что вызвало теоретическую нестабильность математики пифагорейцев, которые считали, что все можно выразить числом.
Открытие несоизмеримых отрезков показывало, что с помощью отношений между рациональными числами, невозможно выражение любой величины. Например, с помощью этих чисел невозможно выразить диагональ квадрата со стороной равной единице.

Автор подробно рассматривает достижения школы пифагорейцев в области математики, уделяя особое внимание тому, какую роль в философии данной школы отводили числу. Рассматриваются основные пути выхода из сложившегося кризиса, философское объяснение создавшейся ситуации, на основе которого пифагорейцами формулируются методологические пути выхода из обнаруженной проблемы несоизмеримости.

  Основным выводом проведенного исследования является то, что пифагорейцы активно дорабатывали свою философию и математический аппарат, пытаясь выработать ответ на открытие несоизмеримости.

Основным вкладом автора в исследование темы является вывод о том, что для пифагорейцев открытие иррациональности не являлось критичным: они продолжали постепенно вырабатывать ответ на проблему несоизмеримости и доработали математическую теорию пропорций, переосмыслили представление бесконечности как определенной числовой характеристики вещей и процессов. Впервые выдвигается мысль о возможности разложения объекта на бесконечно большое число бесконечно малых частей, что сейчас мы понимаем под пределом функции, развивают и применяют диалектику.
Рассмотренная в данной статье проблема несоизмеримости привела к созданию новых, сложных теорий в истории науки, культуре, архитектуре и искусстве.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of incommensurability and the crisis of foundations of the Ancient Greek mathematics. The article describes that the crisis of foundations was caused by the discovery of irrationality by the Pythagorean Hippasus of Metapontum, which resulted in the theoretical instability of mathematics of the Pythagoreans, who believed that everything could be expressed through numbers. The discovery of incommensurable line segments demonstrated that the relations between rational numbers cannot express any variable, for example the diagonal of a square with one side equal to one. Analysis is conducted on the achievements of the Pythagorean School in the field of mathematics. Special attention is given to the role of a number in the philosophy of this school. The article explores the main ways for overcoming this crisis, philosophical explanation of the unfolded situation, based on which the Pythagoreans formulate the methodological ways out of the discovered problem of incommensurability. It is noted that the Pythagoreans were actively elaborating on their philosophy and mathematical apparatus intending to find the answer to the discovery of incommensurability. The author’s special contribution lies in the statement that the discovery of irrationality was not critical for the Pythagoreans: they continued working towards the answer to the problem of incommensurability, as well as refined the mathematical theory of proportions, reconsidered the representation of infiniteness as a certain numerical characteristic of the things and processes. This article is first to advance a hypothesis on the possibility of dividing the object into an infinitely large number of infinitely small parts, which is now understood as the limit of function, which contributes to the development and application of dialectics. The problem of incommensurability led to the creation of new, complex theories in the history of science, culture, architecture, and art.

Аннотация: The subject of this research is the development of the architecture of an expert system for distributed content aggregation system, the main purpose of which is the categorization of aggregated data.
The author examines the advantages and disadvantages of expert systems, a toolset for the development of expert systems, classification of expert systems, as well as application of expert systems for categorization of data. Special attention is given to the description of the architecture of the proposed expert system, which consists of a spam filter, a component for determination of the main category for each type of the processed content, and components for the determination of subcategories, one of which is based on the domain rules, and the other uses the methods of machine learning methods and complements the first one.
The conclusion is made that an expert system can be effectively applied for the solution of the problems of categorization of data in the content aggregation systems. The author establishes that hybrid solutions, which combine an approach based on the use of knowledge base and rules with the implementation of neural networks allow reducing the cost of the expert system.
The novelty of this research lies in the proposed architecture of the system, which is easily extensible and adaptable to workloads by scaling existing modules or adding new ones.