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Попова С.М.
Инициатива Люксембурга SpaceResources.lu и возможные последствия для регулирования мирового рынка космической деятельности
// Исследования космоса.
2017. № 4.
С. 273-285.
URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=68665
Попова С.М. Инициатива Люксембурга SpaceResources.lu и возможные последствия для регулирования мирового рынка космической деятельностиАннотация: Объект исследования – изменения в национальной космической политике государств и регулировании глобального рынка космической деятельности. Важность мониторинга этих перемен обусловливается возможностью появления неожиданных событий («черный лебедь»), способных привести к изменению сложившихся правил игры, нарушению баланса конкурентных позиций и переформатированию мировой космической экономики на новых основаниях. Предмет исследования – развитие инициативы люксембургского правительства SpaceResources.lu, связанной с созданием в рамках государственно-частного партнерства благоприятной «экосистемы» для привлечения в экономику страны компаний, специализирующихся на передовых направлениях космической деятельности. Особое внимание уделяется анализу Закона Люксембурга от 20 июля 2017 г. о разведке и использовании космических ресурсов, который является первым европейским актом, устанавливающим на национальном уровне гарантии прав собственности на ресурсы, добытые в космосе. Для решения поставленных задач были использованы общенаучные методы исследования – анализ, синтез, отслеживание, формально-логический, сравнительно – правовой подходы. Сделан вывод о том, что появление национальных актов, нарушающих сложившиеся правила игры на рынке космической деятельности, является в определенном смысле объективно неизбежным, поскольку темпы международного правотворчества не успевают за спросом реального сектора космической экономики на новые юридические решения, способствующие его перспективному развитию. Спорные законы США и Люксембурга в области разведки и использования космических ресурсов, а особенно - деятельность люксембургского правительства в рамках инициативы SpaceResources.lu, следует рассматривать как манифестацию некой политико-правовой технологии, последовательная реализация которой с ненулевой вероятностью может привести к трансформации сложившегося порядка в глобальной космической экономике. Ключевые слова: Новая космическая деятельность, Космические ресурсы, Космическое право, США, Люксембург, Коммерческий космос, Договор о космосе, Соглашение о Луне, Добыча астероидов, Исследования космосаAbstract: The object of this research is the changes in the national space policy of countries and regulation of the global market of space exploration. The importance of monitoring these changes is justiied by the possibility of emergence of unexpected events (“black swan”), capable of bringing changes to the current rules of the game, disruption in the balance of the competitive positions and reformation of the global space economy upon new terms. The subject of this research is the development of the Luxembourg initiative SpaceResources.lu associated with creation favorable “ecosystem” within the framework of state-private partnership for involvement into national economy companies that specialize in cutting-edge special exploration. Special attention is given to the analysis of Luxembourg law from July 20, 2017 on exploration and use of space resources, which represents the irst European bill that establishes on the national level guarantees of rights to ownership of resources extracted from space. A conclusion is made that emergence of national legislative bills that violate the current rules of the game on the space exploration market are to a certain extent unavoidable, since the tempo of inter-national lawmaking lags behind the demand of real sector of space economy for new legal solutions that would promote its successful development. Keywords: New Space Activity, Space Resources, Space Law, USA, Luxembourg, Commercial Space, Outer Space Treaty, Moon Agreement, Asteroid Mining, Space Studies
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