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Правильная ссылка на статью:
Старовойтов В.В.
Килборн Бенджамин. Травма и бессознательное: двойное сознание, жуткое и жестокость (перевод с англ.)
// Психология и Психотехника.
2016. № 1.
С. 52-63.
URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=67642
Старовойтов В.В. Килборн Бенджамин. Травма и бессознательное: двойное сознание, жуткое и жестокость (перевод с англ.)Аннотация: Сравнительно мало было написано о роли травмы в концепциях бессознательного. В данной статье исследуются концепции бессознательного Фрейда, сопоставление его взглядов с первоначальным французским понятием «двойного сознания» и исследование их скрытых смыслов для техники. В то время как концепция бессознательного З. Фрейда основывается главным образом на теории внутренних влечений, Ш. Ференци приписывал центральную роль травме, сдвигая фокус к индивидууму в контексте взаимоотношений. Данное сравнение иллюстрируется историей случая. Использованный в данной статье метод исследования заключался в тщательном изучении понятий бессознательного, травмы, двойного сознания в трудах философов, писателей и психологов. В частности, противопоставляются взгляды Фрейда и Ференци на концепцию бессознательного. На основании проведенного исследования автор статьи приходит к выводу о том, что обращение Фрейда к бессознательным силам и конфликтам приводило к минимизации значимости взаимоотношений, культурных ценностей, истории, межпоколенческой травмы и всего того, что может быть рассматриваемо как «внешняя реальность», в то время как Ференци пытался спасти психоанализ, не позволив ему стать бредовой системой, так как подчеркивал значимость внешней реальности травмы, которая расщепляет идентичность и порождает страдание Ключевые слова: психоанализ, бессознательное, двойная совесть, двойное сознание, реальность, влечение, травма, привязанность, Фрейд, ФеренциAbstract: Relatively little has been written on the role of trauma in conceptions of the unconscious. This paper explores Freud's conceptions of the unconscious, comparing his ideas with the original French notion of "double conscience" and exploring their implications for technique. Whereas Freud's concept of the unconscious mainly depends upon the theory of internal drives, Ferenczi attributed the central role to trauma, shifting the focus to the individual in the context of personal relationships. The comparison is illustrated with the case study. The main method used by the author of the article is the thorough study of the notions of the unconscious, trauma and double conscience in the works of philosophers, writers and psychologists. The author contrasts the views of Freud with the views of Ferenczi on the conception of the unconscious. As a result of his investigation the author of the article comes to the conclusion, that the very power of Freud’s evocations of unconscious forces and conflicts minimized relationships, cultural values, history, transgenerational trauma, and whatever can be viewed as “external reality”. Ferenczi, on the contrary, attempted to save psychoanalysis from being a delusional system, because he emphasized the external reality of trauma that splits identity and creates suffering. Keywords: trauma, attraction, reality, double consciousness, double conscience, unconscious, psychoanalysis, affection, Freud, Ferenczi
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